Japan’s hot springs, known as “onsen,” have been cherished for centuries. Beyond a mere bathing experience, onsens offer a profound cultural journey and a chance to unwind in nature’s lap. In this guide, let Designer Journeys bring you into the enchanting world of Japanese hot springs, exploring their significance, types, etiquettes, and the best destinations to experience this unique cultural gem.
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History of Hot Springs in Japan
Hot springs, or ‘onsen’ in Japanese, have always been important throughout Japan’s history. The first recorded hot spring in Japan, Dogo Onsen in Ehime Prefecture, dates back to 712. The initial discovery of many of Japan’s hot springs is thanks to ancient hunters, who came across them on their hunting trips.
Given their magnificent beauty and uniqueness, hot springs were historically considered a gift of the gods. Their popularity boomed when Buddhism was brought to Japan in 552 AD due to the Buddhist belief that bathing was a form of purification and cleansing. While there were attempts by Christian missionaries around the 1550s to scale back bathing in hot springs, as they saw it as an offensive practice, their efforts were futile as Japan’s love of onsen was already deeply entrenched in the culture.
In 1709, the healing properties of hot springs were discovered, which led to the eventual commercialization of hot springs. Today, going to the hot springs remains a beloved activity for Japanese people, who recognize the benefits of health, relaxation, and enjoyment that only a dip in a hot spring offers.
When is the Best Time to Visit Japanese Hot Springs?
Timing is everything when it comes to planning a visit to Japanese hot springs. The experience can vary significantly depending on the season, weather, and personal preferences. We’ll explore the nuances of timing your onsen adventure to ensure you maximise this rejuvenating experience.
Spring (March to May): Cherry Blossom Bliss
Spring, particularly late March to early April, is a magical time to indulge in the therapeutic embrace of Japanese hot springs. As cherry blossoms bloom across the country, onsen locales transform into ethereal landscapes. Picture yourself immersed in warm waters, surrounded by delicate pink petals drifting through the air. It’s a sensory experience that combines the rejuvenating powers of onsen with the beauty of Japan’s iconic Sakura season.
Summer (June to August): Green Oasis Retreat
While summer in Japan can be warm, it offers a unique onsen experience. Nestled in lush greenery, many hot springs provide a refreshing escape from the heat. Imagine soaking in mineral-rich waters while the sounds of nature serenade you. The vibrant foliage and the symphony of cicadas create a tranquil backdrop, making summer an ideal season for those seeking a verdant oasis to unwind.
Autumn (September to November): Fiery Foliage Delight
From late September to November, Japan dons its autumnal coat, setting the perfect stage for an onsen retreat. As the leaves turn vibrant shades of red and gold, hot springs surrounded by forests become enchanting havens. The juxtaposition of warm waters against the fiery foliage creates a visual spectacle, offering a therapeutic and visually stunning experience for those who appreciate the beauty of the changing seasons.
Winter (December to February): Snowy Serenity
Winter transforms Japanese hot springs into cosy sanctuaries amidst snowy landscapes. Imagine submerging yourself in steaming onsen waters while snowflakes gently fall around you. Winter onsen experiences are visually enchanting and provide a warm respite from the chilly weather. Whether it’s an outdoor bath with snow-capped surroundings or an indoor onsen with panoramic winter views, the season adds a layer of serenity to the overall experience.
Special Events and Festivals
Research local events and festivals when planning your onsen visit. Some hot springs host special events or festivals that can add cultural richness to your experience. These events provide a unique glimpse into Japan’s cultural tapestry, from lantern-lit onsen nights to traditional performances.
What to Pack for Your Japanese Hot Springs Adventure
As you may have noticed in our Japanese travel guide, almost everything is set out in a highly organized and thoughtful way. Fortunately, many hot springs are no different – and will provide all of the essential items you need. This is particularly the case if you’re staying in a ryokan with a hot spring or going to a more upper-end hot spring.
That being said, some hot springs will not provide any items for free, so it’s best to do a quick check online to see if there’s any information about what is and isn’t offered at your particular hot spring.
To be on the safe side, be sure to pack the following items “just in case”.
- A small towel to carry around with you in the hot spring
- A large towel to dry off after the hot spring
- Toiletries such as shampoo, conditioner, and body wash
- A hair tie to tie up medium to long hair
- A change of clothes (optional)
If you forget to pack a towel or toiletries and your hot spring doesn’t provide them for free, you’ll usually be able to buy them for a small fee.
Things to Know Before You Go to Japanese Hot Springs
Cultural Etiquette
Nudity is the Norm
In traditional onsen settings, bathing is done in the nude. It’s a cultural norm rooted in the idea of cleanliness and purity. While this may initially seem intimidating to newcomers, embracing the practice is key to fully immersing yourself in the authentic onsen experience.
Thorough Cleansing Ritual
Before entering the onsen, thorough cleansing is mandatory. Use the provided shower stations and stools to wash and rinse off all soap and shampoo. This ensures that the communal hot spring waters remain pristine for all bathers.
Tattoo Policies
In Japan, tattoos are often associated with the yakuza (organized crime), and some onsen facilities may have policies against tattooed individuals. However, attitudes are evolving, and many places now allow tattoos or offer discreet ways to cover them. It’s advisable to check the onsen’s policy in advance.
Practical Considerations
Onsen Types
Understanding the different types of onsens can enhance your experience. There are outdoor onsens (rotenburo), indoor baths, and mixed-gender or private baths. Each offers a unique atmosphere, so exploring various types can add diversity to your onsen adventure.
Time of Day Matters
The ambience of onsen experiences can vary depending on the time of day. Early mornings often bring tranquillity, while evenings may offer a more social atmosphere. Choose the time that aligns with your preference for solitude or interaction.
Reservations for Ryokans
If you’re staying at a ryokan (traditional Japanese inn) with its own onsen facilities, check if reservations are required. Some ryokans have specific time slots for guests to use the baths, ensuring everyone has an opportunity to enjoy the onsen in a relaxed setting.
Health Considerations
Pregnancy and Health Conditions
Pregnant women and individuals with certain health conditions, such as heart conditions or high blood pressure, should consult with a healthcare professional before indulging in hot springs. In some cases, soaking in hot water may not be advisable.
Hydration is Key
While soaking in onsen waters can be rejuvenating, staying hydrated is essential. Drink plenty of water before and after your onsen experience to prevent dehydration, especially if you plan to spend an extended period in the hot springs.
Respectful Behavior
Quiet Reflection
Onsens are places of relaxation and reflection. Maintain a quiet and respectful demeanour to ensure a peaceful atmosphere for all bathers. Conversations should be kept hushed, allowing everyone to unwind without disturbance.
Photography Policies
Respect the privacy of other bathers by adhering to onsen photography policies. Many onsens prohibit photography to preserve the serene and private nature of the experience.
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Best Onsen Towns in Japan
Japan is renowned for its therapeutic hot springs, known as onsens, offering a unique blend of relaxation, cultural immersion, and natural beauty. If you’re seeking the ultimate onsen experience, exploring Japan’s picturesque onsen towns is a must. Here, we’ll delve into five of the best onsen towns that stand out for their distinct charm, rejuvenating waters, and cultural significance.
1. Hakone
- Overview
Nestled near Tokyo, Hakone is a captivating onsen town surrounded by lush forests, scenic mountains, and the iconic views of Mount Fuji. Its proximity to the capital makes it a popular destination for both locals and international travellers seeking a tranquil escape from city life.
- Unique Features
Open-Air Museums: Hakone is not only famous for its hot springs but also boasts open-air museums, blending art with nature. The Hakone Open Air Museum, showcasing sculptures against a backdrop of greenery, is a testament to the town’s commitment to art and culture.
Ashinoko (Lake Ashi): Visitors can take a boat cruise on Lake Ashi, providing breathtaking views of Mount Fuji. This scenic experience, coupled with the relaxing hot springs, creates a well-rounded retreat.
- Must-Visit Onsen: Hakone Yuryo
Hakone Yuryo is a famous onsen facility known for its various baths, including outdoor pools surrounded by bamboo and cypress trees. The tranquil ambience and views of the Hakone mountains enhance the overall onsen experience.
2. Kinosaki Onsen
- Overview
Kinosaki Onsen, located in Hyogo Prefecture, is a charming town that transports visitors to the Edo period with its traditional architecture and willow-lined canals. What sets Kinosaki apart is its unique concept of an “onsen town stroll,” where visitors don yukatas and explore seven public baths scattered around the town.
- Unique Features
Seven Public Baths: The town’s seven public baths, each with its unique charm, allow visitors to experience different styles of onsen. The “onsen hopping” tradition is a delightful way to explore the town and its diverse bathing facilities.
Scenic Cherry Blossom Views: In spring, Kinosaki is adorned with cherry blossoms, creating a picturesque backdrop for onsen enthusiasts. The blooming Sakura adds a touch of magic to the town’s serene ambience.
- Must-Visit Onsen: Goshono-yu
Goshono-yu is one of the seven public baths and stands out for its elegant design. The bathhouse features beautifully painted sliding doors and a serene atmosphere, providing a glimpse into the historical charm of Kinosaki Onsen.
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3. Beppu
- Overview
Situated on the island of Kyushu, Beppu is one of Japan’s most famous hot spring resorts, boasting an impressive number of thermal springs and diverse bathing experiences. The town’s geothermal activity adds a unique dimension to the onsen experience.
- Unique Features
Hell Tour: Beppu is renowned for its “Jigoku Meguri” or Hell Tour, where visitors can explore various hot spring “hells” with colorful and bubbling mud pools. While not for bathing, it provides a fascinating glimpse into the town’s geothermal wonders.
Multiple Types of Baths: Beppu offers a wide array of baths, including mud baths, sand baths, and even baths with different mineral compositions. This diversity caters to various preferences and adds a layer of excitement to the onsen exploration.
- Must-Visit Onsen: Takegawara Onsen
Takegawara Onsen is one of Beppu’s oldest and most iconic bathhouses. Famous for its historic architecture and unique sand baths, it offers visitors a traditional yet rejuvenating onsen experience.
4. Noboribetsu Onsen
- Overview
Situated in Hokkaido, Noboribetsu Onsen is surrounded by volcanic landscapes and lush forests. The town’s geothermal activity contributes to the mineral-rich waters that are believed to have healing properties.
- Unique Features
Hell Valley (Jigokudani): Noboribetsu is home to Hell Valley, a volcanic crater with steam vents and sulfurous streams. The otherworldly landscape adds an intriguing backdrop to the onsen experience.
Variety of Baths: From simple ryokan baths to expansive resort facilities, Noboribetsu offers a variety of bathing experiences. Some onsens even feature outdoor baths with panoramic views of the surrounding nature.
- Must-Visit Onsen: Dai-ichi Takimotokan
Dai-ichi Takimotokan is one of Japan’s largest hot spring resorts, featuring multiple baths, saunas, and relaxation areas. The highlight is the outdoor bath area with views of Hell Valley, creating a harmonious blend of nature and relaxation.
5. Gero Onsen
- Overview
Located in Gifu Prefecture, Gero Onsen is one of Japan’s top three onsens, celebrated for its high-quality sulfuric waters. The town is nestled in the scenic Hida Mountains and offers a blend of traditional ryokans, modern facilities, and a welcoming atmosphere.
- Unique Features
Gassho-zukuri Folk Village: Gero Onsen is close to the Gassho-zukuri Folk Village, where visitors can explore traditional thatched-roof houses, providing insights into the region’s rich cultural heritage.
Savour Local Delicacies: The town is not just about onsens; it’s also a culinary delight. Indulge in Hida beef, a local delicacy renowned for its exceptional flavour and tenderness.
- Must-Visit Onsen: Funsenchi
Funsenchi is a famous onsen facility with multiple baths, including an open-air bath overlooking the Hida River. The combination of soothing waters and scenic views makes it a favourite among Gero Onsen visitors.
Japan’s onsen towns are diverse in their offerings, each providing a unique blend of cultural richness, natural beauty, and therapeutic waters. Whether you prefer the tranquillity of Hakone, the charm of Kinosaki, the quality waters of Gero, the geothermal wonders of Beppu, or the volcanic landscapes of Noboribetsu, these onsen towns invite you to immerse yourself in a rejuvenating and culturally enriching experience. So, pack your yukata, embrace the onsen culture, and embark on a journey to discover the best of Japan’s hot spring treasures.
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